12 Must-Read Classics of Hindi Literature

Hindi literature is a vast and rich field, full of classics that have greatly influenced India's culture. These works range from touching stories and deep poems to groundbreaking plays, all of which have set high standards for writing and helped us better understand people, society, and individual experiences. Here, we explore 12 essential classics of Hindi literature.

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1. Gunahon Ka Devta by Dharamvir Bharati
Set in Allahabad during the tumultuous times of pre-independent India, 'Gunahon Ka Devta' explores the complex and tragic love story of Chander and Sudha. Bharati delves deep into the psychology of love, capturing the purity, intensity, and ultimate despair of unfulfilled love. The novel's exploration of love's moral and societal implications has made it a beloved classic in Hindi literature.

2. Godan by Munshi Premchand

Regarded as one of the greatest novels in Hindi literature, 'Godan' offers a stark depiction of the rural society in India. Munshi Premchand, through his narrative centred around a peasant's life and his unfulfilled desire to own a cow (Godan), exposes the social injustices and economic disparities plaguing the country. Premchand's empathetic portrayal of the struggles faced by the lower strata of society is both moving and enlightening.

3. Kashi Ka Assi by Kashinath Singh

'Kashi Ka Assi' by Kashinath Singh A satirical take on the rapidly changing social landscape of Varanasi (Kashi), "Kashi Ka Assi" presents a tapestry of life in the holy city. Singh's keen observations and vibrant characters provide insight into the complexities of modern Indian society, touching upon issues of religion, politics, and culture.

4. Tamas by Bhisham Sahni

Set against the backdrop of the Partition of India, 'Tamas' is a harrowing account of the communal riots in Punjab. Bhisham Sahni, through his vivid storytelling, captures the chaos, fear, and humanity of a nation divided. "Tamas" is not just a novel; it's a historical document that serves as a sombre reminder of the horrors of communal violence.

5. Chidambara by Sumitranandan Pant

A philosophical novel set in the times of Chandragupta Maurya, 'Chidambara' explores the concepts of sin and virtue through the life of a courtesan named Chitralekha. Verma's profound narrative and the engaging discourse among his characters on the nature of human actions make it a thought-provoking read.

6. Mitro Marjani by Krishna Sobti

'Mitro Marjani' tells the story of Mitro, a spirited woman who challenges the constraints of marital life and societal norms in rural Punjab. Sobti's bold narrative and unapologetic portrayal of female sexuality and desire make it a groundbreaking work in Hindi literature.


7. Shekhar: Ek Jivani by Ageya

Agyeya's 'Shekhar: Ek Jivani' is a seminal work in Hindi literature, offering a deep exploration of the inner life of its protagonist, Shekhar. The novel is a profound psychological study that delves into themes of existentialism, freedom, and the search for identity amidst the turmoil of pre-independent India. Agyeya's narrative technique and introspective style have made "Shekhar: Ek Jivani" a landmark in modern Hindi literature, challenging readers to reflect on the nature of self and society.

8. Maila Aanchal by Phanishwar Nath 'Renu'

'Maila Aanchal' is a novel that paints a vivid portrait of rural life in Bihar, exploring the socio-political dynamics and cultural ethos of the region. Phanishwar Nath 'Renu's' narrative is both authentic and evocative, offering a slice of life from the Indian heartland.

9. Kurukshetra by Ramdhari Singh Dinkar

A gem by Dinkar, 'Kurukshetra' is a philosophical musing on the moral and ethical dilemmas faced during the Mahabharata war. Through powerful poetry, Dinkar questions the justifications of war and explores the concept of dharma (duty/righteousness), making 'Kurukshetra' a reflective read on human nature and conflicts.

10. Tyagpatra by Jainendra Kumar

'Tyagpatra' is a profound novel that delves into the complexities of human relationships and societal norms. Jainendra Kumar's introspective and psychological narrative challenges traditional values and examines the inner turmoil of its protagonist, making it a compelling study of the human psyche.

11. Raag Darbari by Shrilal Shukla


Set in a village in Uttar Pradesh, 'Raag Darbari' is a satirical take on the political corruption and bureaucratic malaise in post-independence India. Shrilal Shukla's sharp wit and keen observations offer a humorous yet insightful commentary on the state of Indian society.

12. Vishwamitra by Narendra Kohli

Narendra Kohli's 'Vishwamitra' reimagines the life and times of the sage Vishwamitra, one of the most venerated figures in Indian mythology. Kohli's narrative humanizes the sage, exploring his struggles, aspirations, and his quest for power and enlightenment, offering readers a nuanced portrayal of a mythological figure.

Read More: 15 Underrated Hindi Novels You Must Read

These Hindi literature classics, each with its own story and themes, give us insight into the wide range of human experiences, feelings, and social issues. They help us better understand the world and connect us to India's culture and philosophy, making them essential for anyone looking to explore the rich world of human expression and ideas.